Representation Of The Body Image And The Mass Media Essay

REPRESENTATION OF HOW MEDIA PROMOTE EXCERSISE IN NEW ZEALAND MEDIA AND HOW IT AFFECTS FEMALES Female Body Image and the Mass Media: Perspectives on How Women Internalize the Ideal Beauty Standard Representation of women in the media can change the way that the people of New Zealander’s think of themselves. Media has a powerful ability to reach many people and to influence and direct attitudes of our country’s behaviours and knowledge. In my essay I will explain these things and how they affect NZ woman. †¢ Representation of kiwi identity magazines create †¢ Negative effects on society – reasons for the impacts †¢ Positive effects on society – why they promote it †¢ Transformations of personalities media creates – the impact it has on shaping kiwi identities - Magazines (the representation of kiwi identity they create) The cover of a magazine is said to be its most important feature. It’s the cover that hooks people into purchasing it. Firstly because the thing they notice is a bold beautiful woman posing and blowing a kiss or towards you or another pose somewhat similar. Then the next step to hooking you in is the subheadings placed around the woman. â€Å"Get the body you’ve always wanted† or â€Å"fast fat burner work out† the media knows what women want now days. For example some images presented in exercise magazines include a photograph of a teen/woman slouched on a sofa with pizza and a television remote in her hand, representing the ‘fat’ side of the argument, which thenShow MoreRelatedRepresentation Of The Female Body Image And The Mass Media1586 Words   |  7 PagesREPRESENTATION OF HOW WOMEN PROMOTE EXCERSISE IN NEW ZEALAND MEDIA AND HOW IT AFFECTS FEMALES Female Body Image and the Mass Media: Perspectives on How Women Internalize the Ideal Beauty Standard Representation of women in the media can change the way that the people of New Zealander’s think of themselves. Media has a powerful ability to reach many people and to influence and direct attitudes of our country’s behaviours and knowledge. - Magazines (the representation of kiwi identity they create)Read MoreSocial Construction And Its Impact On Society Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pagesdigital media is one of the primary sources for the creation of social constructions and is now considered the primary account regarding matters connected to mass media. However, it is essential to comprehend that, throughout mass media, individuals commonly referred to as â€Å"media gatekeepers† now present the collective societal groups in an inaccurate depiction. Although these societal groups are presented throughout multiple arrays in society, it is through the immediate proliferation of mass mediaRead MoreMedia s Effect On Teens986 Words   |  4 PagesThe American media industry generates approximately 600 billion dollars annually through its programming and advertisements. The economic system of the United States and tough market competition have led to a massive media boom, and being the largest industry in the United S tates in terms of revenue, The media have been successful in corrupting people’s mind, with young teens being the largest group of victims. In the current situation, our economic, social and political decisions are widely beingRead MoreThe Between Media And Body Image1348 Words   |  6 Pagesby the society and by the media. But women are affected that kind of construction. Mass media give narrow definition about the standard of beauty. Delis noticed this massage everywhere, especially in the media, â€Å"I am so affected by Glamour magazine and Vogue and all that; I’m looking at all these beautiful women. They’re thin. I want to be just as beautiful. I want to be just as thin. Because that is what guys like† (Hesse-Biber, Sharlene Nagy 12). The media representation of the thin ideal has beenRead MoreCertain Groups Being Incorrectly Portrayed in Media767 Words   |  3 Pagescurrent issue involving certain groups being incorrectly portrayed in media, it is important to first understand exactly what mass media is. There are a variety of technical definitions for the term â€Å"mass media.† According to Britannica, â€Å"Media is used to pass on information to many people in a society† (â€Å"Media†). Merriam-Wenster claims media is a â€Å"mean of communication that is designed to reach the mass of the peopleâ €  (â€Å"Mass Medium†). Recently, a spike of innovations has led to an increase of possibleRead MoreThe Influence of Mass Media on the Young Male Image Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pages Mass media creates a stereotype promoting an image of how a young man should act, appear, or resemble in todays society. The media has a great influence over what we view and hear as a society and it can have an effect especially on a younger men and the image that they want to portray. Moreover, the media has a lot to do with the image we perceived in our minds and young men are easily perusable by what they see or hear. With the media flooding negative influence, it builds up to having thisRead MoreVisual images Reinforce Traditional Gender and Sexuality Stereotypes948 Words   |  4 PagesVisual images reinforce traditional gender and sexuality stereotypes through the manifestation of the masculine and feminine miens. An examination of print media advertisements highlights the social and cultural ideologies associated with traditional gender roles that are expected and imposed on by society. â€Å"Advertisements are deeply woven into the fabric of Western Culture, drawing on and reinforcing commonly held perceptions and beliefs† of gender and sexuality stereotypes. They have a strongRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On Our Young Girls And Women1363 Words   |  6 Pagesemotional, and social impact ofthese advertisements may be adversely affecting our young girls and women of today. The effects of advertising have gone beyond persuading women to just buy products. â€Å"These media messages link thinness with love and happiness, often solely in terms of having the right body to attract the opposite sex† (Hesse-Biber 770). Women and girls of all ages are buying into an idea that is detrimental to their self worth, personal identity, and physical and mental health. Women wouldRead MoreWomen s Media And Gender Roles1492 Words   |  6 Pagesin society through the media. Mass media are a reflection of society informed by particular power and values (Stirina ti, 2006). Although the representation of women is not a copy of reality, mass media act as image and message,’ should be’ a reflection or representation of society (Hollows, 2000). This contributes to condemn gender role in the media and in real society, which leads women to be annihilated and limited in the media. In 1978, Gaye Tuchman called women’s in media situation ‘symbolic annihilation’Read MoreTeenage Girls and Body Image Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage girls are at an impressionable time in their lives. Mass Media is a key idea in one of the factors of socialization that become important to teenagers. Teenagers look to the media for a sense of entertainment. Whether it is movies, magazines, or even some aspects of social media, teenagers get a lot of influence from the media’s message. The problem with this is the media has a specific way of doing things and can be negative to a susceptible teenage girl. Media’s way o f portraying a woman

Orion Controls Case Essay - 644 Words

Orion Controls Case Answer 1 I would say we should sell existing valves than develop an improved model and sell it at increased price if you simply look at the decision tree I made based on the assumption and information the case provides. The Expected Monetary Value (EMV) of building new model is $105,500, whereas we can earn $100,000 payoffs by selling current model (see Figure 1). When considering the situation the Orion Controls faces, however, I should reconsider my decision. Orion has established its reputation in leading-edge technology, product reliability, customer relations and willingness to design customized products. For such reputation, Avion Chemicals approached to Orion and asked them to develop a new valve†¦show more content†¦Answer 2 Armstrong may be upset about Harrington because she estimated that there was only an 80 percent chance the improvements would be dramatic enough to warrant the full 100 percent price premium. Again, Orion is the leading designer and manufacturer of industrial valve systems. For such leading and innovative company, her assumption seems to be quite low. It is obvious that her low expectation for dramatic improvement doesn’t make significant difference in the EMVs. In other words, if she proactively dedicates her effort to redesigning and increases the possibility for dramatic improvement to 90%, the EMV will go up to $141,500 so that Armstrong can positively go ahead with the development efforts (see Figure 3). Answer 3 In order to evaluate if it is worth paying $30,000 to Professor Calliope for make Gemini’s shortcut work, I would like to use The Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) method. [Calculation] Max EMV:Event node 10.8*275,000 + 0.2*(-125,000) = 195,000 Event node 20.9*195,000 + 0.1*(-100,000) = 165,500 Event node 30.8*35,000 + 0.2*(-365,000) = -45,000 Event node 40.9*(-45,000) + 0.1* (-340,000) = -74,500 Event node 50.75*165,500 + 0.25* (-74,500) = $105,500 EVwPI:Event node 10.8*275,000 + 0.2*(-125,000) = 195,000 Event node 20.9*195,000 + 0.1*(-100,000) = 165,500 Event node 30.8*35,000 + 0.2*(-365,000) = -45,000 Event nodeShow MoreRelatedOrion Controls Case Essay2288 Words   |  10 PagesOrion Controls Case Executive Summary Faced with the challenge of continuing to remain the leader in industrial valve systems, Orion Controls is required to decide whether or not to carry out product improvement redesigns. A successful redesign will secure the company an initial level of sales of 50 or 90 units to two new customers followed by the benefits of enjoying an innovator’s reputation. An expected profit of $262,900 resulting from a product redesign given the information availableRead MoreUnderstanding the Managerial Challenges of the Orion Shield Project1095 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Understanding the Managerial Challenges of the Orion Shield Project: A Case Study Analysis There is an ancient Chinese proverb, A fish rots from the head. Nowhere is the wisdom of this phrase more evident than in the management of large projects or organizations. In the Orion Shield scenario provided, a variety of critical decisions made by a novice project manager jeopardized the success of the project and resulted in his demotion. The project consisted of producing materials to improve theRead MoreOrion Shield Project Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesLola Simpson Week 2 Assignment Orion Shield Project Executive Summary: Scientific Engineering Corporation (SEC) had decided to compete for Phase I of the Orion Shield Project. The Director of Engineering Henry Larsen, wanted to employ an engineer to the role of project manage instead of an experienced project manager. Enter Gary Allison an experiences Project Engineer with absolutely no formal Project management experience. Gary was known around the organization as a knowledgeable with numerousRead MoreProject Management Case1601 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary: Scientific Engineering Corporation (SEC) had decided to compete for Phase I of the Orion Shield Project. Henry Larsen, the Director of Engineering insisted on having an engineer as the Program Manager. This led to Gary Allison taking the role of Project Manager without any prior experience. Gary had previously earned the reputation of a respected and talented employee with over 14 years of experience as Project Engineer. Henry Larson wanted an inexperienced Project Manager whoRead MoreOrion System(a)2366 Words   |  10 PagesProject Management Project 2 â€Å"ORION System (A)† Contents Page Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Section1: Questions and answers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Question1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........................2 Question2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Section2: Team members performance and score†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Section3: Summary of the case-study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.12 Section4: Lessons learnt from this activity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Project 2 : ORION Systems (A) Introduction ThisRead MoreThe Five Competitive Forces: A Strategy Simulation Game1286 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferentiation that promised the Neutron would be a fast-rising star. Neck-in-neck. By the time the three-year mark had passed, a competitor was making life at Quasar Computers interesting. With an expired patent and a rapidly closing competitor, Orion, it was time to rethink business strategy this time as an oligopoly. With competitive advantage sliding into the cost advantage realm, the focus was quickly on pricing. Since the competitor was looking (according to Quasars competitive intelligence)Read MoreEssay on Orion Shield Project5524 Words   |  23 Pages1 Running Head: CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF THE ORION SHIELD PROJECT Case Study Analysis of the Orion Shield Project Mark H. Komori University of Maryland University College M. Komori- Orion Shield Project 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Section One: Technical Issues †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 1.0 Project Integration Management †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 2.0 Project Scope Management †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4 3.0Read MoreEssay on Change at Dupont805 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study: Change at Dupont Abstract Plant Manager, Tom Harris greeted everyone by name when he walked through the plant and as far as one could tell, it seemed to be business as usual at DuPont. Most recently, Orion, a DuPont manufacturing operation had been closed, the equipment dismantled and sent to China, but there were no particular concerns regarding this change. When Tom contacted the University of Virginia, he was not looking to solve any particular problem; rather he sought to gatherRead MoreDupont Case Study991 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Dupont Dupont Case Study Tammi Ball Ashford University Dr. Nwabueze BUS 661 – Leading Organizational Change July 11, 2011 Abstract Tom Harris, the plant manager of DuPont, greeted everyone by name when he walked through the plant. This was the atmosphere within the company and seemed to be business as usual at DuPont. Recently, Orion, a DuPont manufacturing operation had been closed, the equipment disassembled and shipped to China, despite this change there seemed toRead Moreproject manajment1121 Words   |  5 Pagesapproach Integration of projects with the strategic plan Integration within the process of managing actual projects Research Highlights: Chaos: Software Projects Summary Text overview Review questions exercises Case: South American Adventures Unlimited CHAPTER 2 Integration of Organization Strategy with Projects Strategic management process: an overview Research highlights: Muddling Absence of a priority system linked to strategy creates

Archie - Emily and Cooper of their Tax Consequences

Question: Advise Archie,Emily and Cooper of their tax consequences in relation to the above income and expenses? Answer: Tax consequences to Archie, Emily and Cooper in relation to the provided income and expenses: The current case study provides list of incomes and expenses, which will be reimbursed, allowed and deducted for taxation purpose under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 and 1997. In order to determine the tax consequences of Archie, Emily and Cooper, the following assumptions have been made based on the provided information (Long et al., 2016): The wages and salaries paid to the staffs are not taken into account for fringe benefit tax and thus, the salary of Emily would not be incorporated for computing FBT liability. Any expenditure incurred for the purpose of employee entertainment on the part of the employer are considered as entertainment fringe benefits. It is noteworthy that the employer could make deduction claim on such expenditure under the rule of otherwise deductible. However, the claim is justified only when the same is incurred for the staffs only (Woellner et al., 2016). It was further found that Archie employed his daughter Emily holding a degree in accounting maintains his financial books of accounts to file GST. Emily only works once a week for which she is paid $40,000 however, the market salary remains $15,000. Thus, the salary received by Emily is taxable. Tax treatment of Archie: Expenses: Archie incurs traveling expenses of $1600 incurred by Archie from home to office. A deduction is not allowable for Archie incurred for the cost of traveling for work related purpose. These expenses are generally considered in the form of private expenses. It is further found that Archie also incurs the travelling expenses from his home to the alternative place of work, which is directly related to the purpose of his work. Such kind of expenses incurred by Archie is allowed for deductions for the cost of travel from his home to the alternative place of work and then retuning back to his home or his normal place of work (edu.au 2017). Parking Fines incurred by Archie of $358 represents in the form of deductions. A deductions is not allowable for any kind of fines imposed under any kind of law such as commonwealth, state, territory, overseas nation or by court. Deductions are not allowable for the purchase and maintenance cost of non-compulsory uniform or wardrobe unless it satisfies the conditions as stated under section 51 Al of the ITAA act. Section 51 Al lays down the nature of expenditure upon non-compulsory uniforms or wardrobe unless the designs satisfies the conditions stated under section 51 (1) of the act (ato.gov.au, 2017). Archie incurs an expenditure on suit, which was primarily meant to impress the client hence it, represents a non-compulsory expenses for which deductions is not allowable. As stated in the case of Federal Court of Australia v Edwards 94 ATC 4255 28 ATR 87, where expenses on conventional clothing will not meet the test of deductibility under subsection 51 (1) of the act. As stated under the section 32 (5) of the ITAA 1997 no deductions shall be allowed for expenses incurred on entertainment purpose (Gordon Kopczuk, 2014). The act states that the extent where an individual incurs expenses in respect of providing entertainment cannot avail deductions under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. Meal entertainment comes into the existence when food or drink provided represents in the character of entertainment. As stated under the section, 32-10 of the ITAA or under section 37 AD of the FBTAA meal expenses incurred by Archie represents entertainment. Thus, referring to the case of FC of T v. Cooper (1991) 29 FCR 177 division 32 of the ITAA lays down the general prohibition on the deduction of the entertainment expenses and Archie will not be liable for any deductions. Furthermore, Archie also incurs an expense of $2,000 for membership of golf club, which again falls under the entertainment expenses and no exemptions is applied to the cost incurred for membership of golf course. Exemptions benefits are not provided because the entertainment is not incidental to the provision of entertainment to the outsider. Below listed is the tax computation of Archie for the taxable year of 2016 Computation of Income tax In the books of Archie Particular Amount ($) Salary Expenses 1,00,000 Less Travel Expenses 1600 Less: Membership expenses 2000 Total Taxable Income 96,400 Tax rate 37% Total Tax 23615 Tax treatment for Emily: The case study further provides that Emily receive a total salary of $40,000 for being employed in her fathers business to handle the work of bookkeeping and GST filling. Though the current market salary for accountant is $15,000, Emily receives beyond the current market salary. Below listed is the tax computation of Emily Tax treatment for Emily Particulars Amount ($) Total Salary 40,000 Total Tax 4547 Tax treatment of Coopers: Fringe Benefit tax represents the tax, which the employers provide certain benefit to the employee including their employees family or any other type of associate. The benefits may be in the kind of addition to the part of their salary or wages packages. Cooper incurred expenses while attending the international conference, which lasted for three days (Braverman et al., 2015). Archie as an employer has reimbursed the amount for expenses incurred by Cooper for a period of three days however, it was found that Cooper often visited his parents for which he incurred an additional expenses. Deductions are not allowable for the additional cost incurred by Cooper since such cost is incurred outside the course of working day. FBT Computation of Cooper Particulars Amount ($) Salary 60000 Registration Fees 1200 Plane Fare 3000 Hotel Cost 1600 Total GST Inclusive amount (A) 5800 Gross up rate (B) 2.1463 Gross up value 12448.54 Gross Taxable Fringe Benefit 12448.54 Less: Daily allowance 1500 Less: Reimbursement of Registration fees 1200 Net taxable fringe benefit 9748.54 FBT 49% 4776.7846 References Braverman, D., Marsden, S. J., Sadiq, K. (2015). Assessing taxpayer response to legislative changes: A case study of in-housefringe benefits rules.Journal of Australian Taxation,17(1), 1-52. Chirelstein, M., Zelenak, L. (2015).Federal Income Taxation, 13th (Concepts and Insights Series). West Academic. Fringe benefits tax (FBT) instalment. (2017).Ato.gov.au. Retrieved 16 January 2017, from https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Business-activity-statements-(BAS)/Fringe-benefits-tax-(FBT)-instalment/ Genovese, F., Scheve, K., Stasavage, D. (2014). The Comparative Income Taxation Database. Gordon, R. H., Kopczuk, W. (2014). The choice of the personal income tax base.Journal of Public Economics,118, 97-110. Hopkins, B. R. (2016).The Law of Tax-Exempt Organizations+ Website, 2016 Supplement. John Wiley Sons. INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1997. (2017).Austlii.edu.au. Retrieved 16 January 2017, from https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/ Long, B., Campbell, J., Kelshaw, C. (2016). The justice lens on taxation policy in Australia.St Mark's Review, (235), 94. TR 95/11 - Income tax: hospitality industry employees - allowances, reimbursements and work-related deductions (As at 1 June 1995). (2017).Law.ato.gov.au. Retrieved 16 January 2017, from https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?DocID=TXR/TR9511/NAT/ATO/00001 Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D. (2016).Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.